Today, the Internet has reached practically every corner of the planet, influencing human life in unimaginable ways. We are now entering an era of even more pervasive connection, with a wide range of appliances connected to the internet.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an internetworking of physical objects or things which are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems via the internet.
These devices range from everyday domestic items to complex industrial machines. The data collected by these linked devices is then processed and structured to assume understanding of the system, the user, its surroundings, and progress towards the goal.
In this chapter, we’ll give you a basic understanding of the Internet of Things and what it implies for you. It also includes the components required in an Internet of Things Architecture and its various applications.
What is the Internet of Things
What is the Internet of Things:- The full name of IoT is (Internet of Things). It is used to transfer data from one device to another with the help of sensors, software and technology.
Internet of Things means “accessing and controlling devices using the Internet”.
Through Internet of Things, we can access and control devices with the help of Internet.
History of Internet of Things
The Beginning: The path to loT began with basic forms of long distance communication. In 1832, Baron Shillings in Russia invented the first electromagnetic telegraph.
Although the telephone had already been invented, Alexander Bell received the first patent in the United States in 1876.
Edward O. Throp constructs the first wearable computer used for predicting roulette wheels.
This device could fit inside a shoe or cigarette pack and would increase the odds of winning roulette in 1955. In 1962 created by AT&T, the Bell 103 was the first commercial modem.
This first invention would later lead to M2M cellular modems-the devices that bring cellular connectivity to your loT devices.
The concept of machine to machine technology (M2M) was invented in 1968 by Theodore Paraskevakos.
In the next few years. Theodore would go on to invent electric meters that communicated with electricity grids.
Martin Cooper invented the first mobile phone while working at Motorola in 1973.
This invention also introduced cellular data and the data plans we are familiar with today.
The concept of cellular data is now a big part of loT as many options exist for loT or M2M data plans.
The evolution of Internet of Things started with the first connected network ARPANET. A coke vending machine at Carnegie Mellon University connected to the university ARPANET in 1982 was the first connected device
John Romkey created the first smart toaster that could be controlled from the internet. He showcased his invention at the INTEROP conference in 1990.
Munich developed the first sim card for wireless networks in 1991. This allowed devices to connect with more than one direct source.
This development paved the way for machine to machine (M2M) sim cards which would be essential for loT growth. M2M sim cards would allow devices to communicate with one another as they connect to cellular data.
While working at Procter and Gamble, Kevin Ashton coined the term “Internet of Things” during a presentation on RFID. From this point on, industry leaders began to experiment more with the ability to connect devices to one another. LG released plans for a refrigerator with wifi compatibility. This would be one of the first of many smart household objects in 2000.
The Internet Protocol for Smart Objects Alliance is a non-profit organization formed to bring companies of all sizes together in the pursuit of wireless technology standards for the future.
This organization works to discover and implement new ideas in the field of loT.
In 2008, IPSO Alliance joined The Open Mobile Alliance to form OMA SpecWorks.
In 2011, the most recent version of Internet Protocol was released. The IPV6 public launch was a turning point for loT as many private companies and funding agencies took notice of the loT industry.
In 2013/2014 loT devices widely started using sensors. Thermostats and home lighting start using sensors to accurately sense the surrounding environment.
This allowed people to control home lighting, garage doors, and thermostats all from their phone.
Sigfox set up an Ultra Narrow Band Wireless data network in the bay area. In the next few years, Sigfox set up 35 other data networks in large cities.
At the time, Sigfox had the best loT network coverage in the United States. Dublin became the first loT City in 2014.
Smart Dublin was an initiative that utilizes loT devices to improve city functions. Some of these improvements include a new carbon neutral stadium, hundreds of smart bins, sensors monitoring flood levels, and city sound monitoring sensors.
With this initiative, Dublin also sought to inspire tech innovation and entrepreneurship in their city for continued growth.
The loT becomes more widely used in military context. In 2017, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory established an alliance to advance research in loT technologies in army operations.
As more Tech Giants realize the benefits of Internet of Things, a large increase in loT devices each year was seen. In 2017, there were 8.4 billion Internet of Things devices which is a 31% increase.
Internet of Things enters the healthcare and health insurance industries in 2018. This technology allows health care professionals to access patient data.
It has also improved the quality of wearable medical devices. There is a growing demand for specific use cases that help to resolve industry-specific challenges.
For example, loT solutions for remote patient monitoring aimed at reducing costs and improving the quality of patient care.
The global remote patient monitoring market is expected to reach $1.8 billion by 2026, according to Grand View Research.
Why Internet of Things is Important?
Internet of Things is an important piece of technology that is set to improve greatly over time. There are many advantages to having things connected to each other. Here are a few of the benefits:
- More data means better decisions
- Ability to track and monitor things
- Lighten the workload with automation
- Increases efficiency by saving money and resources
- Better quality of life
(1) More data means better decisions
With added sensors, these devices are able to collect a large amount of data on many different areas.
For example, in addition to the practical elements of being able to know which foods are going out of date in your smart refrigerator, this enhanced household item will be able to give you additional information on its power consumption, temperature, average time of the door spent open and much more.
A greater flow of information means that the company behind the device can analyse large trends in the data to better improve the features of the device.
Many companies are realising the power of this technology and it is leading to a large increase in the market. In fact, the total market value of Internet of Things is set to grow to over $3 trillion annually by 2026*.
(2) Ability to track and monitor things
As well as tracking data for a company to use, it also greatly benefits the user.
These devices would have the ability to keep an eye out on the current quality of goods at home.
Knowing the state of your items will allow a homeowner to know when they need to replace an item, without them having to consistently check the quality themselves.
(3) Lighten the workload with automation
Having a device doing most of the work for you means that you can save more time and cost.
Imagine having your fridge order a new carton of milk to be delivered when it reaches a certain level of expiry? Sounds good to me.
This greatly reduces human efforts. It also results in devices being created that need little to no human intervention, allowing them to operate entirely on their own.
(4) Increases efficiency by saving money and resources
As well as saving time for the device owner, it can also result in cost savings. For example, if lights automatically turn themselves off the moment you leave the room, you could save a lot of money on your electricity bills.
As you can see, connected devices can provide many useful implementations. The loT system encourages machine to machine (M2M) communication resulting in increased long term efficiency for both the company and user.
The rate of growth for machine to machine communication is high. The total number of connections are set to grow from 5 billion in 2014 to 27 billion in 2024*.
(5) Better quality of life
In the end, all the benefits lead to an increased quality of life.
Having your devices track and order things for you, turn light switches off for you, and help manage important tasks that you may not have the time to do yourself certainly takes away a lot of stress.
There is no doubt that people are generally getting busier as the years go by. with so many devices being created and new technology being implemented, it’s hard to keep track of everything.
It’s great to be able to do the things you enjoy and have a computer taking care of the mundane things you know which is need to be done.
Improvements to your lifestyle, health benefits and improved wellness are also a part of the Internet of Things future.
For example, those that exercise regularly can utilise wearable technology to help them track their heart rate, body temperature, and hydration to stay in shape and monitor their health.
Internet of Things still has a long way to go. There is still a lot of untapped potential in the internet of things.
For the technology to reach it’s true potential, all devices would need to be able to communicate with each other, regardless of the company or brand they belong to.
Companies would need to make sure that they are safeguarding the information they collect on their users by protecting it as best as they can.
Advantages of Internet of Things
loT is a vastly growing technology that is set to improve greatly over time. There are many advantages of having things connected to each other. Here are a few of the benefits:
Internet of Things is a technology which will improve greatly over time. There are many advantages of loT in different areas:
- More data means better decisions.
- Ability to track and monitor things.
- Lighten the workload with automation.
- Increases efficiency by saving money and resources.
- Better quality of life.
- Minimize Human Effert.
- Save Time
- Improve security.
- Save Money.
1) More data means better decisions:
In the field of loT, data is collected through multiple sensors with different specifications.
For example, in addition to the practical elements of being able to know which foods are going out of date in your smart refrigerator, this enhanced household item will be able to give you additional information on its power consumption, temperature, average time of the door spent open and much more.
A greater flow of information means that the company behind the device can analyze large trends in the data to better improve the features of the device.
Many companies are realizing the power of this technology and it is leading to a large increase in the market. In fact, the total market value of loT is set to grow to over $3 trillion annually by 2026*.
2) Ability to track and monitor things:
As well as tracking data for a company to use, it also greatly benefits the user. These devices would have the ability to keep an eye out on the current quality of goods at home.
Knowing the state of your items will allow a homeowner to know when they need to replace an item, without them having to consistently check the quality themselves.
3) Lighten the workload with automation:
Having a device doing most of the work for you means that you can save more time and cost. Imagine having your fridge order a new carton of milk to be delivered when it reaches a certain level of expiry? Sounds good to me.
This greatly reduces human efforts. It also results in devices being created that need little to no human intervention, allowing them to operate entirely on their own.
4) Increases efficiency by saving money and resources:
As well as saving time for the device owner, it can also result in cost savings. For example, if lights automatically turn themselves off the moment you leave the room, you could save a lot of money on your electricity bills.
As you can see, connected devices can provide many useful implementations. The loT system encourages machine to machine (M2M) communication resulting in increased long term efficiency for both the company and user.
The rate of growth for machine to machine communication is high. The total number of connections are set to grow from 5 billion in 2014 to 27 billion in 2024*.
5) Better quality of life:
In the end, all the benefits lead to an increased quality of life. Having your devices track and order things for you, turn light switches off for you, and help manage important tasks that you may not have the time to do yourself certainly takes away a lot of stress.
There is no doubt that people are generally getting busier as the years go by. With so many devices being created and new technology being implemented, it’s hard to keep track of everything.
It’s great to be able to do the things you enjoy and have a computer to take care of the mundane things you know which needs to be done. Improvements to your lifestyle, health benefits and improved wellness are also part of the loT future.
For example, those that exercise regularly can utilize wearable technology to help them track their heart rate, body temperature, and hydration to stay in shape and monitor their health. Internet of Things still has a long way to go.
There is still a lot of untapped potential in the internet of things. For the technology to reach it’s true potential, all devices would need to be able to communicate with each other, regardless of the company or brand they belong to.
Companies would need to make sure that they are safeguarding the information they collect on their users by protecting it as best as they can.
Disadvantages of Internet of Things
there are the following Disadvantages of Internet of Things :-
- Complexity
- Privacy
- Security
- Compactibility
1) Complexity
The Design Developed in Maintenance and Enabled Internet Technology of Internet of Things System is Quiet Complicated.
2) Privacy
Privacy is the big issue with Internet of things all the Tata must be encrypted even without the participation on the user ID system provides substance personal data in maximum details.
3) Security
There is Change That Software Can be hacked And Is Your Personal Information Miss Used.
4) Compactbiliy
This is not standard of taking and monitoring with sensor A uniform concept life USB and Bluetooth is required which should not be difficult to do.
Applications of Internet Of Things
there are following applications of Internet Of Things :-
- smart phone Security System.
- smart health monitor.
- internet of things is agriculture.
- smart speaker.
- smart smoke detector.
- air quality sensor.
- Smart City.
- fire alarm sensor.
- smart door locker.
- Soil monitoring.
- smart forming equipment.
- smart future equipment.
- Smart home.
- Smart City.
- self driving car.
- internet of things.
- retail shop of forming wearable.
- smart grid.
- industrial internet.
- Telehealth.
- smart supply chain management.
- traffic management.
- weather management.
1) Smart Homes:
One of the best and the most practical applications of loT, smart homes really take both, convenience and home security, to the next level.
Though there are different levels at which loT is applied for smart homes, the best is the one that blends intelligent utility systems and entertainment together.
For instance, your electricity meter with an Internet of Things device giving you insights into your everyday water usage, your set-top box that allows you to record shows from remote, Automatic Illumination Systems, Advanced Locking Systems, Connected Surveillance Systems all fit into this concept of smart homes.
As loT evolves, we can be sure that most of the devices will become smarter, enabling enhanced home security.
2) Smart City:
Not just internet access to people in a city but to the devices in it as well – that’s what smart cities are supposed to be made of.
And we can proudly say that we’re going towards realizing this dream. Efforts are being made to incorporate connected technology into infrastructural requirements and some vital concerns like Traffic Management, Waste Management, Water Distribution, Electricity Management, and more.
All these work towards eliminating some day-to-day challenges faced by people and bring in added convenience.
3) Self-driven Cars:
We’ve seen a lot about self-driven cars. Google tried it out, Tesla tested it, and even Uber came up with a version of self-driven cars that it later shelved.
Since it’s human lives on the roads that we’re dealing with, we need to ensure the technology has all that it takes to ensure better safety for the passengers and those on the roads.
The cars use several sensors and embedded systems connected to the Cloud and the internet to keep generating data and sending them to the Cloud for informed decision-making through Machine Learning.
Though it will take a few more years for the technology to evolve completely and for countries to amend laws and policies, what we’re witnessing right now is one of the best applications of Internet of Things.
4) Farming:
Farming is one sector that will benefit the most from the Internet of Things. With so many developments happening on tools farmers can use for agriculture, the future is surely promising.
Tools are being developed for Drip Irrigation, understanding crop patterns, Water Distribution, drones for Farm Surveillance, and more.
These will allow farmers to come up with a more productive yield and take care of the concerns better.
6. Wearables:
Wearables remain a hot topic in the market, even today. These devices serve a wide range of purposes ranging from medical, wellness to fitness.
Of all the loT startups, Jawbone, a wearables maker, is second to none in terms of funding.
6) Smart Grids:
One of the many useful loT examples, a smart grid, is a holistic solution that applies an extensive range of Information Technology resources that enable existing and new gridlines to reduce electricity waste and cost.
A future smart grid improves the efficiency, reliability, and economics of electricity.
7) Industrial Internet:
The Industrial Internet of Things consists of interconnected sensors, instruments, and other devices connected with computers industrial applications like manufacturing, energy management, etc.
While still being unpopular in comparison to loT wearables and other uses, market researches like Gartner, Cisco, etc., believe the industrial internet to have the highest overall potential.
8) Telehealth:
Telehealth, or Telemedicine, hasn’t completely flourished yet. Nonetheless, it has great future potential.
Internet of Things Examples of Telemedicine include the digital communication of Medical Imaging, Remote Medical Diagnosis & Evaluations, Video Consultations with Specialists, etc.
9) Smart Supply-chain Management:
Supply-chains have stuck around in the market for a while now. A common example can be Solutions for tracking goods while they are on the road. Backed with Internet of Things technology, they are sure to stay in the market for the long run.
What is the Internet of Things